Steam-turbine.



No. 7uu,3|4. l Patentedmayzo, |902;

.1. H. FEUELEB.'

STEAM-TURBINE.

(Appuein med Jan. s1, 1902.)

(No Model.)

l zo

- shaft containingholesor grooves and open,

Umm

PATENT-@FFME Lv,.frofHN H. FEDELER, or NEw'Y-ORK',

' sraelrroarrolv fmiag 'part er Letters patent No. 7oo,31 4, dateaq1vray 20,1902, l 5

.Apparati summary sitisvoz.4 smart.eaozalumoaai)' Q'.

T all will/omit.mrtg/ concern Aspe'citication. l

Beit knownthat LJOHN H. FEDELER, acitt,y zen of the United States, residing in the city,. county, and State of New York, have invented certainnewand useful vImprovementsin Steam- Turbines, o f which the following is a My invention .relates to improvements in turbines and may be operated by steam or other expansible vaporsor fluids. fr'

The object ofV my invention isto provide a turbine in which/ the moving parts arereduced to a minimumandjnwhich the m0- lecular energyforsteam discharged from an oriiceis absorbed anditransferred toa shaft f moreeflicientlythanheretofore.v

. My in'ventioninclud'es the novel combina-'I tion ofan outer casing, a turbine wheel tted L steamtight thereina-nd `fastened lto .a main.

shaft, the aforementioned turbine wheel land ingsuto permitthe vcirculation of. cold water.4

v `My invention furthermore'r includesthe i novel arrangement of nozzles placedopp'osite each otherinsuch almanner that whenv the turbine'avheel stands st i1l.the steam discharged will `act upon bucketsof kwheel and Ythen lexhaust;butivvflien the turbine wheel fmoves thesteam discharged will collide'with the steam emitted from nozzle opposite beforev exhausting, all `ofwhich will hereinaftelbe described.

In the accompanying drawingawhich form i a part o f this specication,similar'letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several-views.` r1,

Figurelis ageneralarrangementand frontv View ofturbine Witha l'section of` casing lre-l moved. F ig. 2 is a section on `linel 2 ofFig.

l withnozzle omitted onone side. Fig. 3 isv a section of turbinewhee'l on line 3 4 ot' Fig.

2 and top view otnozzles on bothy sides with covers Z removed toshow relation of oritices 4{o .ffthe turbine, is cast' 'i n a-fsui table number ofseetions dijo? as, die., which are bolted together and made steam-'tight,and is provided with suitable, lugs l) b' b2 b3, dac., bolted to,

lbase B, upon which it rests.V The bottomof casing A'includes a cylindrical waterdrunn y .Df, to which the exhaust-pipe Eand watercirculating pipe F are affixed. The steam-pipe *i 'Gr'` is bolted to .casing A, which basa lug don `the 'outside and e onl the'insideforthese con-v' -necti'ons supported ongarmsf f2, each-also, a part 'of `bearing H, and have a number of'openings jfl- .r with seats n .toconnect with steamfinlet at e j ahdoto fasten nozzles L L2 to. a The.nozzleslL'andLg are constructedright and 1e` ft.handed and have "several lorifices r [andy/r2 for the', discharge ofy steam and be,f` 'l tween which are .grooves lo and 7a'2Mfor'theex-- l l The casing A'isfurthermorepro# if( ...if vided `with a bearin'gvII, which infthiscase isf' `bolted thereto. The 'distributing-,pipes Mare f 6 haustof the steam from an opposite oriiceg".

The nozzles are so adjusted that one is sornewhat i-n advance oftheother. Between these lnozzles rotates the turbine `wheel andis of' a suitable construction landproyided with@z means so as to permit circulatingwater'to- 'cool a -part or the whole thereof.' The water:-

circulating pipe F, provided with'V a cheeky;

valve, is led into the center of vshaftP throughl standing-box` p. Shaft? is made hollow {to'l the center of turbine wheel, and fromgthence radiate a number of holes t, communicating Vwith .the insideof turbine wheel.

Q The Iturbine wheelis keyed to shaftP and-v f im' is'built up of a hub S, two plates X andY`, y l andarim Z. i Thesepartsare' boltedtogether 9S kby a number ofbolts. The rim Zhastooth-y shaped grooves which form the buckets and a number of'holesi2 and t3, that communicate with the inside of turbine to permit the cir@y culating water to cool a part or the'whole of 4, .1 A

the'buckets, as thercasej may require. The outside of rim Z is furthermore provided with a plate suitably fastened'and has holes corref spondi'ng to those of the-rim.'

The turbine operates as follows Wheu the steam is turned into steam-pipes Gon each side of casing, the steampasses through distributing-pipe M into nozzles L, out through orifices, and collides with buckets on rinrZ. If now the wheel stands still, the steam passes through the buckets into the exhausts. When the turbine Wheel thus starts 'to turn, the steam advances with the rim and collides with steam from the opposite orifices adjusted in advance of the other.

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the curve of buckets or the deepest part is somewhat on one side and on the side of which nozzle is in advance of the other. This arrangement is provided so as to permit the steam to collide While it is moving in the direction of the turbine Wheel. While this is taking place, the water by virtue of the rotation of the turbine Wheel is forced out through the openings L2 3,'runs then into the water-dru m I) and into the circulating-pipe F,

`where it is cooled and sucked up into the Wheel again, the wheel acting as a centrifugal pump, which facilitates this part of the operation. 1

It is advantageous to use steam of high temperature and pressure in the steam-turbine; but when it is fully expanded its particles, by virtue of the expansion taking place in the nozzles, have acquired such an enormous velocity that it is difficult to transfer its molecular energy to a turbine wheel of 10W speed. In my invention, however, the particles of steam are cooled as they strike the buckets, and as water has more cohesion than vapor the kinetic energy of the steam Will be taken up by the Wheel more efficiently. It is thus evident that when the circulating water is used the exhaust must be connected to an air-pump to form a complete vacuum in casing, so that no back pressure may be exerted on the front of buckets by atmosphere.

The turbine may also be used Without cooling arrangement for steam, or the novel arrangement of nozzles may be applied in a suitable number of circular rows from the axis out to the periphery or in combination with a Water-turbine, all of which I include in the scope of 1ny invention, and

I desire toseeure by Letters Patent- 1. In combination with a Water or steam turbine, the nozzles and exhaust-grooves alternating and placed opposite each other around the periphery on each side of a turbine Wheel.

2. The combination with a Water or steam turbine, the casing, one or more turbine wheels with buckets fitted steam-tight therein, orifices of nozzles and exhausts alternating and placed opposite each other on both sides of turbine wheel or Wheels.

3. In combination with a water or steam turbine one or more turbine wheels having buckets extending radially and nozzles on each side adapted to discharge into the same bucket or set of buckets.

4. In combination with a water or steam turbine, the nozzles and exhaust-grooves alternating and placed opposite each other around the periphery on each side of a turbine wheel, the nozzles adjusted to direct energy against parts of turbine wheel in such a manner that when the Wheel is at a standstill the energy discharged Will act independently against the wheel and exhaust but when the Wheel is turning at a given speed the onergy discharged from opposite nozzles will colllide and act componentiy against the wheel, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

5. In combination with a Water or steam turbine the easing, one or more turbine Wheels with buckets tted steam-tight therein, orilices of nozzles and exhaust-grooves alternating and placed opposite each other on both sides of turbine Wheel or wheels in such a manner that the kinetic energy emitted from opposite nozzles will collide `when wheel is turning but will exhaust when Wheel is at a standstill as described and set forth in the foregoing specification.

Signed at Schenectady, in the county of Schnectadyand State of New York, this 30th day of January, A. D. 1902.

JOHN I-I. FEDELER.

lVitnesses:

E. H. CULLINos, ERAN R. CULLINGS. 

